Which body system is primarily affected by acidosis?

The correct answer is the nervous system, primarily because acidosis refers to an increase in the acidity of the blood and bodily fluids, which can significantly impact neuronal function. When the pH of the blood decreases (becomes more acidic), it alters the balance of electrolytes, particularly hydrogen ions, which can interfere with normal neurotransmission and nerve signal conduction. Acidic conditions can lead to symptoms such as confusion, lethargy, or even coma if severe, demonstrating how sensitive the nervous system is to changes in pH levels.

In contrast, while the digestive system, respiratory system, and circulatory system can be influenced by acidosis, it is the nervous system that shows the most acute and immediate effects. For example, acidosis can be a result of respiratory issues, which might initially affect breathing patterns, but the subsequent repercussions on the nervous system are what manifest as neurological symptoms. Similarly, while the circulatory system plays a role in transporting acid and maintaining pH balance, it is primarily a transporter for the other systems rather than being the one directly affected.