What are the two main types of cells found in living organisms?

The distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is fundamental to understanding biology. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are typically unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and archaea. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and organelles, allowing for greater complexity and specialization. Eukaryotic cells can be found in both unicellular organisms (like yeast) and multicellular organisms (such as plants and animals).

This classification into prokaryotic and eukaryotic not only reflects the structural differences between these types of cells but also underpins many of the functional differences that are crucial for biological processes. Understanding this distinction is key for exploring topics such as cellular function, evolution, and the diversity of life forms on Earth. Other options, while they classify cells in different contexts, do not capture the core cellular division that serves as the basis for much of cellular biology.